Why do some trees turn to fall colors early? When to be concerned and call an Arborist

As autumn approaches, many homeowners look forward to the beautiful display of fall colors in their trees. However, if you notice that some of your trees are turning color earlier than others, it could be a sign of an underlying issue. While early fall colors can sometimes be harmless, in other cases, they may indicate that your tree is stressed or unhealthy. Here’s what you need to know about why trees change colors early, when to be concerned, and when to contact an arborist for help. 

Why Do Trees Turn Colors Early? 

Trees turn colors in the fall as part of their natural preparation for winter. As the days get shorter and temperatures drop, trees reduce their chlorophyll production, often leaving their green color behind and revealing vibrant reds, oranges, and yellows. However, when this process happens prematurely, it can be a signal that the tree is experiencing stress. 

Here are some common reasons why a tree might turn colors early: 

• Drought Stress: One of the most common causes of early fall colors is drought stress. When a tree isn’t getting enough water, it may start to shut down early, leading to premature leaf color changes and leaf drop.
• Overwatering stress: Overwatering can lead to chlorosis, a condition where leaves turn yellow due to a lack of chlorophyll. This often results from nutrient deficiencies, particularly of nitrogen, iron, and magnesium, which are less available in waterlogged soils. This year’s excessive heavy rains have made it difficult for many homeowners to balance appropriate soil moisture levels.
• Root Damage: Damage to a tree’s roots, whether from excavation, soil compaction, grade changes or other disturbances, can reduce the tree’s ability to absorb water and nutrients, causing early color change.
• Pest Infestation: Certain pests, such as borers or aphids, can weaken a tree, leading to stress and early fall coloration. In some cases, the damage caused by pests is extensive enough to impact the tree’s health.
• Disease: Fungal or bacterial infections can also stress a tree, prompting early leaf color changes. Common diseases that might cause this include anthracnose, verticillium wilt, or root rot.
• Nutrient Deficiencies: A lack of essential nutrients, particularly nitrogen and iron, can cause a tree to become stressed and change color earlier than usual. This is often due to poor soil quality or competition from nearby plants.
• Environmental Factors: Extreme weather events, such as late spring frosts or summer heatwaves, can stress trees, causing them to enter their fall cycle earlier. Additionally, urban trees might experience more stress due to pollution, reflected heat, or restricted root space. 

When Should Homeowners Be Concerned? 

Not all early fall colors are cause for concern, but there are certain signs that indicate your tree might be in trouble: 

1. Widespread Early Color Change: If an entire tree, or multiple trees on your property, are changing color well before the rest of the trees in your area, it’s a sign that something might be wrong. 
2. Leaf Drop: If your tree is not only changing color early but also dropping leaves prematurely, it could be a response to significant stress, such as a severe pest infestation or root damage. 
3. Other Signs of Distress: Pay attention to additional symptoms such as wilting, leaf scorch, dead branches, or thinning foliage. These could indicate that your tree is struggling with more than just a seasonal change. 
4. Multiple Years of Early Color: If your tree has turned color early for several consecutive years, it may be slowly declining in health. A professional assessment can help determine the underlying cause and possible treatments. 

When to Call an Arborist 

If you notice any of the concerning signs listed above, it’s important to call an arborist to assess the situation. Here’s why involving a professional is crucial:

• Accurate Diagnosis: An arborist can accurately diagnose the underlying cause of early fall colors. Whether it’s due to drought, pests, disease, or another factor, they can pinpoint the issue and recommend the best course of action. 
• Proper Treatment: Depending on the diagnosis, an arborist may suggest treatments such as deep root fertilization, soil amendments, pest control, or pruning. These interventions can help alleviate stress and improve your tree’s health. 
• Preventative Care: Even if your tree isn’t in immediate danger, an arborist can help you develop a long-term care plan to keep your trees healthy and prevent future issues. This might include regular inspections, fertilization, or adjustments to your watering routine. 
• Tree Removal: In some cases, if a tree is severely stressed or dying, removal may be necessary to prevent the spread of disease to other trees or to eliminate a safety hazard. An arborist can safely and efficiently handle the removal process. 

Conclusion 

Early fall colors in trees can be a natural occurrence, but they can also be a sign that your tree is under stress. Understanding the potential causes and knowing when to seek professional help can make all the difference in preserving the health and beauty of your trees. If you’re concerned about early fall colors in your trees or notice any other signs of stress, don’t hesitate to contact an arborist. They can provide expert advice, diagnosis, and treatment options to ensure your trees remain healthy and vibrant throughout the seasons.

If you’re in O’Fallon, MO, or the greater St. Louis area, reach out to Rooted Arbor Care! Our ISA Certified Arborists offer expert consultations to assess your trees’ needs. Should intervention be necessary, we’ll collaborate with you to create a tailored plan, ensuring the health, safety, and beauty of your outdoor space.